Simon Bolivar Essay -- essays research papers

THE BEGINNINGSimon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783 to put one over Juan Vicente Bolivar y Ponte y dona female horse de la Concepcion Palacios y Blanco. Simon received an excellent education from his tutors, Simon Rodriquez and Andres Bello. By the age of nine Bolivar lost both his parents, and was being taken care of by his uncle don Carlos Palacios. At the age of fifteen in 1799 he traveled to Spain to receive a better education. In Spain, Bolivar met Maria Teresa Rodriquez del Toro y Alaysa, they married in 1802. even off after Bolivar and his new wife returned to Venezuela, she died of malaria or yellow fever. Her death greatly effected Bolivar, he vowed not to marry again, and became a political and military figure.In Europe Napoleon Bonaparte was the Emperor of France, and was crowned as King of Italy. In 1808 Napoleon conquered Spain and chose his brother Joseph as the King of Spain. This created a large sedition in Spain known as the Peninsular Wars. In Spain many small groups were formed to fight against the new king. On the other hand in S. the States the groups were formed to fight against the Spanish King and Joseph Bonaparte. That year Caracas, Bolivar hometown, declared independence from Spain.BACK IN S. AMERICAIn 1808 Bolivar, Bello and Mendez were sent to England on a diplomatical mission. It was a failed attempt to gain an alliance. He returned to Venezuela in 1811...

Amazon :: science

AmazonThe Amazon River is the second longest river in world. The headwaters begin high in the soaring Andes Mountains and stretches 6,400 km across the South American continent to the Atlantic Ocean. It discharges between 34 to 121 million liters of water per second, and depositing an average of 3 million tons of sediments near its mouth. The outpouring of water and residue is so immense that the salt content and the color of the Atlantic Ocean are altered for a distance of about 320km from the mouth of the river. Also, unlike m some(prenominal) otherwise rivers its wide and straight from the headwaters to the mouth. During a new or full moon, a wave front from the ocean sweeps 650km upstream at speeds of 65km/h and this causes waves as high as 5m. Because of its vastness, annual floods, and navigability, the Amazon River is often c solelyed the Ocean River. The Amazon River is the largest and wettest tropical plain on Earth with heavy rains. Europeans were not the original keepers of this vast rainforest. The Amazonians are trapped between the old and new customs, and since they have traditions, their technology isnt as modern as the rest of the worlds. They live on the risqueest institute with a wide variety of flora and fauna. With such great resources, including the river as transportation, almost anybody would want to seize the land and gain profits easily. The Amazonians have lesser power to defend themselves with spears against their guns. Unfortunately, the outside world has brought them diseases that are incurable with their own medicine. They cannot exist in the way they were before, but they know the Amazon better than any of us. If the rich businessmen listened to them instead of stealing from them, they might be able to improve the usage of the Amazon. All the tributaries merge into the Amazon River, but not all have an identical color. White-water rivers, the ice and snow from the Andes Mountains washes off soil nutrients from the rocks, allo wing the water to have a dirty yellowish color. Clear-water rivers are azure-green in color they precisely contain any sediment. These rivers arise from the highlands that are created by hard rock that doesnt easily erode. Dark black-water river of the Rio Negro washes over old rocks, which are rich in minerals. The name Amazon just isnt any old name.

crtical thinking paper -- essays research papers

There is a South African Proverb that states "Until lions write books, account will always glorify the hunter". In his play "Los Vendidos", Luis Valdez tries to become a lion and let the voice of Chicano history be heard. Luis Valdez does this in a satirical way by presenting the views and stereotypes that many Americans have had and continue to have, about Chicanos in the form of a shop where Chicano " warning/robots" are sold. By presenting each Chicano as a robot and stereotype, Luis Valdez tries to earse of the "models" of Chicanos that people have in their heads and tries to point out that there is a conceptive Chicano culture and a rich history that has been ignored by Americans for years. "Los Vendidos" is a challenge to all people but especially Americans to think about why these stereotypes are so cognisen in culture and the role that American culture has played in creating and maintaining these stereotypes. unrivaled of the first things that Ms. Jimanez, the American woman "buying" a Chicano model/robot, looks at is the skin color. When the salesman, Mr. Sancho shows her the Indian model she says that he is too dark. She specifies that she is looking for a transport shade of skin color, or as she says "perhaps beige". Her looking for a uninfecteder shade of Mexican is a representation of what was known as the process of Americanization. Americanization was defined "as the securing through instruction such reactions on the part of non-Americans that they will accept and practice those ideals, customs, methods of living, skills and knowledge that have come to be accepted as representative of the best in American life." For many people there was a belief that the darkness of a somebodys skin had a direct correlation with their intelligence as well as their level of ability and intelligence. If you had darker skin you were assumed to be superfluous and unintelligent. This special kind of racism known as hispanophobia, had been prevalent among Anglo-Americans since before the eighteenth century. In his article The Spanish Frontier in North America, David weber describes what came to be known as the black legend, or la leyenda negra, as the view that the "Spaniards were unusually cruel, avaricious, treacherous, fanatical, superstitious, cowardly, corrupt, decadent, indolent and authoritarian... ...a very polite gentleman who speaks legato English and can give political speeches that are not as radical as the ones that were given in the 1950s to the 1970s. Erics skin, which is a light brown, is a way of depicting the fact that Chicanos are becoming more and more Americanized and in many ways serves as a warning to future generations of Chicanos to not Americanize themselves to the point where they lose their heritage. In this sense, Luis Valdez and the Teatro Compesina, become lions in a sense and they re-write history. They show their audience some of the st ereotypes and hispanophobia that has up until now, been Chicano history. In doing so Luis Valdez presents the other view and challenges people to think about where, why, who, when and how these stereotypes came to be. "Los Vendidos" challenges the notion of the Anglo-Europeans being the only ones that have written history, and by doing so lets the audience know that what has been presented to them thus far is not the real Chicano history. The real Chicano history must come from the lions themselves. It is in this way that Luis Valdez himself rewrites Chicano history and becomes a lion facing his hunters.

United Nations :: essays research papers

The United Nations1.As far as peace keeping methods go, the reputation of the United Nations is very pitiable. This is not only because they switch not been doing their job to its fullest extent, but also because the member states on the security council havent given the UN the power it needs if it is to be a successful force in peace keeping methods.2.The United Nation idea was first brought to run during World War II, when 26 nations of the world sworn to work together as one. The United Nations was officially operational as of the 24th of October 1951, with a minor 51 countries signing the UN charter. A stable radix was set-up in New York.3.The UN structure is a very well thought-out one. The UN contains over 150 countries, with 5 main heads of state. These 5 countries are America, France, Great Britain, Russia and China. The 5 head countries always make the decision on whether to help a country that is in need or not. The basic structure is that there is a ecumenical assembl y, which is the head of the UN. Off that there are 5 separately run systems, which are International court of justice, Economic and social council, Security Council, secretariat and the t rainwateree council. alone have different, yet major roles in striving to make the UN a success.4.The Security Council is the council in charge of the peacekeeping side of the United Nations. The Security Council contained 15 countries in 1995. The countries were Argentina, Botswana, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Italy, Nigeria, Oman, Russian Federation, Rwanda, UK and the U.S. China, France, UK, U.S and Russia are all permanent heads of the council. There are over 50 countries now listed in the Security Council.5.The UN can be so ineffective because they do not have the power they would like to have. The United Nations have no power under the current charter to merely waltz into a countries disputes with out any permission being granted. Both countries must invite the UN in, but the Security Council must also agree with this as well. The countries involved in the Security Council must also provide the necessary manpower quickly. This takes time and hinders the UNs power.6.Somalia In 1992, after 23 months of Barres rain there was an estimated 300,000 people who died of starvation. A vanguard of UN peacekeeping forces was sent in to restore order.

Greek and Christian Models of the Truth Essay -- Philosophy Religion E

Greek and Christian Models of the truenessIn his Philosophical Fragments, Sren Kierkegaard, writing under the pseudonym of Johannes Climacus, poses the question, How far does the Truth admit of being learned? (154). A more direct and succinct formulation of Climacus question is How is the Truth learned? since his question does not concern the extent of human knowledge, which How far implies, but the realistic panaches through which one comes, or may come, to know the Truth. For Climacus, there are ii possible modes of versed, or two theories of how one comes to know the Truth the Greek and the Christian. Both of these modes lead one not to truths, but to the Truth Climacus concern is not with those modes of knowing that yield particular truths about the world and humans, as in science, but with those modes that yield ultimate Truth, that highest and purest dream of philosophy. The central purpose of this deliberation on the two modes of knowing the Truth, according to Niels Thul strup, is to point out the deep essential difference between Platonism and Christianity because of the fact of the incarnation (lxxxvii). Climacus wants to demonstrate that the Greek, Platonic, or Socratic mode of knowing the Truth contradicts the Christian mode of knowing the truth. Many theologians and philosophers hold that Climacus succeeds in his demonstration and therefore extol the genius of Kierkegaard. My reading of Climacus Project of belief is also that he succeeds, but that his success is a fundamental failure. For even though Climacus indicates an essential difference between the Greek mode of knowing the Truth and the Christian, he does not fully recognize that his whole thought-project is itself Greek, and that it puts a q... ... method does more, however, than simply put a question to Christianity which it does not and cannot solve By generating an answer from a misreading of Christian revelation, Climacus distorts the nature of Christianity and Christian revelati on.Works CitedEllul, Jacques. The Subversion of Christianity. Trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids Eerdmans, 1986.Kierkegaard, Soren. Philosophical Fragments. A Kierkegaard Anthology. Ed. Robert Bretall. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1946. 153-171.Nielsen, H.A. Where the Passion Is A Reading of Kierkegaards Philosophical Fragements. capital of Florida University Presses of Florida, 1983.Thulstrup, Niels. Commentators Introduction. Philosophical Fragments. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1962. xlv-xcii.Tillich, Paul. A History of Christian Thought. New York Simon and Schuster, 1968.

Buddhist view on Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

It is quite clear from a variety of sources that abortion has been severely disapproved of in the Buddhistic tradition. It is also equally clear that abortion has been tolerated in Buddhist Japan and accommodated under exceptional circumstances by some modern Buddhists in the U.S. The office staff is similar to that of papist Catholicism, where abortion, though disapproved of in the strongest terms by Church authorities, is still practiced by a large number of devoted Catholics and defended by at least a few.As a Buddhist, I would most likely still be for abortion. Buddhism itself speaks with more than one moral voice on this issue against abortion. The core belief in Buddhism is against abortion, but there are commonly people of this religion that dont agree with that. For the time in which I will be writing this essay, I am one of those people. Most of my fellow Buddhists believe in the point that you should not be fit to choose one life over another. For this reason, abortion cannot be rightly practiced. Although there are exceptions, Buddhism is still an antiabortion religion, its just somewhat lenient. Unlike Roman Catholicism, abortion isnt just a flat out no in this religion. The abortion issue usually hinges on whether the fetus is indeed a life in the relevant sense. (Michael Barnhart) In its early stages, a fetus is not considered a human yet to Buddhists. It is alive, but not a human being. Therefore in some cases abortion can be appropriate. One cannot say t...

Buddhist view on Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

It is quite clear from a variety of sources that miscarriage has been severely disapproved of in the Buddhist tradition. It is also equally clear that abortion has been tolerated in Buddhist Japan and accommodated under exceptional circumstances by some modern Buddhists in the U.S. The situation is similar to that of Roman Catholicism, where abortion, though disapproved of in the strongest terms by Church authorities, is still practiced by a large number of devoted Catholics and defended by at least a few.As a Buddhist, I would most likely still be for abortion. Buddhism itself speaks with more than one moral voice on this issue against abortion. The core belief in Buddhism is against abortion, but there are commonly people of this religion that dont agree with that. For the time in which I will be writing this essay, I am one of those people. Most of my fellow Buddhists believe in the point that you should not be able to choose one life oer another. For this reason, abortion cann ot be rightly practiced. Although there are exceptions, Buddhism is still an antiabortion religion, its just somewhat lenient. Unlike Roman Catholicism, abortion isnt just a flat out no in this religion. The abortion issue usually hinges on whether the fetus is indeed a life in the relevant sense. (Michael Barnhart) In its early stages, a fetus is not considered a human yet to Buddhists. It is alive, but not a human being. Therefore in some cases abortion can be appropriate. One cannot say t...

Compare and contrast any two love poems you have read, discussing their themes, their use of language and their appeal to an audience

The aims of this essay are to look at twain love poems by devil different authors and to show how they are similar and in what shipway different. The two poems I will be looking at are The Passionate shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe and The Bait by John Donne. The first by Marlowe for the most part, seems to deal with the joy of new-found love and seems to dwell on the positive aspects of trance and passion. The second poem by Donne by contrast is less romantic in tone than Marlowes poem. Here Donne talks about sex, seduction and sadness lots using rattling(prenominal) suggestive images and ch totallyenging the idealised view of love.Marlowes poem is set in a pastoral setting and the word shepherd in the name is an image and this word itself tells us it is in a pastoral setting. In the first stanza of Marlowes poem it says in the first two opening linesCome die hard with me and be my loveAnd we will all the pleasures proveHe, the narrator tries to persuade his w oman of the street by being very forthright and by being very bold, telling her what he is going to give her. However, in Donnes poem, which is parody of Marlowes, Donne has the same two opening lines but the last two of the first stanza are very different. Of golden sands, and crystal brooksWith silken lines, and silver hooks.The difference here is that Donne says that we will go to the acresside but instead of looking at valleys, mountains and hills which is what Marlowe says, he and his mistress will have a lot of fun.In Marlowes poem he says,And I will make thee beds of roesAnd a thousand fragrant poises,A uppercase of flowers, and a kirtleEmbroided all with the leaves of myrtleWhat Marlowe means is that, not solo will he take her into the countryside but he will dress her exchangeable the country side meaning flowers. But Donne says,There will the river whispering runWarmd by thy eyes, more than the sunAnd there thenamourd fish will stay,Begging themselves they whitethorn b etrayDonne is severe to say that she will get in the water and her eyes alone will warm the water more than the sun, which is an example of hyperbole. He says that when she does get in the water and baith, the fish will nibble. This creates a raunchier image, also it brings in the element of physical contact.In the next stanza Marlowe then says, A enclothe made of finest woolWhich from our pretty lambs we pullThis suggests that not only will he protect her but also he will provide her with wealth in an attempt to influence her decision. In Donnes the approach is different. In the fourth stanza Donne says, If thou, to be seen best loth,By sun or moon, thou darkenst bothDonnes message, which he is trying to put across, is that the sun and moon are bright, but you are brighter. As you can see Marlowes way of wooing her is very different to Donnes way. Marlowe has a flatter approach whereas Donne makes his point very clear in the start of the poem, which is come to bed with me.Marlowe ends his poem with a very interesting stanza. In the first two lines of this stanza he says, The shepherds swains shall dance and singFor thy delight each may morningHw is trying to say to her that he will get all his friends to dance for her and that if all these things do matter to her, she should come and live with himIf these delights thy mind may move,Then live with me and be my love.But when Donne ends his poem, he says, For thee, thou needst no such feigningFor though thyself art thine own baitHe says that you are not just fit to catch the fish but you are also able to catch the fish but you are also able to attract them referring to her beauty. To end the poem Donne says, Donne says, That fish, that is not catchd therebyAlas, is wiser far than I.What Donne is trying to say is that each fish that is not caught by her beauty, is cleverer than him. From this it is clear that he is love sick.It is very clear that Marlowes approach is innocent and evokes idyllic images. Donne is much more down to cosmos and realistic using words like coarse and bold and slimy. His poem is therefore more sensuous, suggestive. Marlowe employs language, which maintains the sense of innocent beauty. He uses words like pretty, purest, fragrant, and finest.The rhyme scheme in both poems is very strong to make a good argument because in their own ways they are both out to woo the woman and also to show their passion and determination. Also in Donnes poem he is very precise and radical about what he says, getting to the point very quickly. Donne uses the same rhyme scheme as Marlowe but to different affect. This is underpinned by his use of words that would not normally be associated with love poems such as treacherously, traitors, strangling and deceit.We have analysed two very different poems yet we have show that there exist many points of contact. Ultimately, the poems are both about love and this theme blinds them most closely. No two love poems are alike, but this only serves to illustrate the many-faceted nature of love itself.

Unknown Mixtures Lab Report

-Un cognise Mixtures Lab- Purpose The aim of this experiment was to find out the deuce substances of the unknown mixture from salt, sugar, smear, and baking washing soda by looking at its properties. Hypothesis Find the unknown substance by testing it out by heating it, pouring water, vinegar, and observing it . operation 1) Materials- * 100ml of water * Vinegar * Bunsen fireer * 2 beakers * 1 spatula 2) First, do steps (3-6)to find out the properties of salt, sugar, dirt, and baking powder. 3) Observe and record the appearances of the four known substances. ) Burn the known substances one by one to know what will happen. When it starts to burn take the beaker off of the burner. 5) Add water to all substances. Make sure to bunco well (until the salt and sugar dissolve) to see how each substance reacts with water 6) Add vinegar to all substances. Make sure to stir well (until the salt and sugar dissolve) to see how each substance reacts with vinegar 7) Observe your unknown subs tance and write down how it looks 9) Add water to the unknown substance.Check to see if it turns to mud and that the white substance dissolves. 10) Heat up unknown substance until it starts to burn. Check and see if the substance starts to turn brown and smell proper and dry up and crack. This is to see if the unknown substance is a combination of dirt and sugar. Safety Precautions- * Remember to wear closed shoes just in case mortal drops something like glass and it lands on your foot. * Always wear goggles, and for girls tie their hair, when near a burner so it doesnt burn your hair or get something in your eye. Be careful non to drop the beakers so that there will be no danger of accidently stepping on glass. Observations- The sugar glowering brown and smelled good when heated, salt turned black and smelled like burnt-out rubber when heated, dirt turned to mud when water was added, and baking soda started to tattle when vinegar was added. selective information TABLE 1 CHARA CTERISTICS OF SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCE Characteristics Appearance Sugar Heat sugar turns brown and smells good water supply sugar dissolvesVinegar sugar dissolves White, shiny, looks similar to sugar. Salt Heat turns black, smells like burnt rubberWater dissolvesVinegar dissolves White, looks like sugar except it isnt shiny Dirt Heat dries up and starts to crackWater turns to mudVinegar turns to mud Brown, has bits of rock and dehydrated grass in it Baking soda ash Heat Water turns water whiteVinegar starts to bubble White, soft, kind of like flour These are some of the characteristics and appearances of the four known substances after experimenting (heating, adding water, adding vinegar, observing) to find their properties.This will abet when trying to figure out the two substances in the unknown mixture. TABLE 2 UNKNOWN SUBSTANCE Substance Characteristics Appearance Result Unknown Water the substance turned to mud and the white specks dissolvedHeat while the dirt turned hard, the white substance started to turn brown and smell good * pieces of rock and dried and grass * small white shiny specks mixed in Dirt and Sugar This is the entropy collected from observing the unknown substance.From looking at tabularize 1 and then comparing the appearance of the known substances to the unknown substance the unknown substance is the most similar to the appearances and characteristics of dirt and sugar. DATA ANALYSIS The data collected states all the characteristics and appearances of the four known substances. This helps when trying to find the two substances in the unknown mixture. To gather the data the substances were burned, added with water and vinegar, and observed. Then with the information of the known substances was compared with the characteristics of the unknown substances.The unknown substance had characteristics similar to dirt and sugar, and so the unknown substance was experimented to check if they were really dirt and mud by adding water to see if it turned to mud and heating the substance to see if it would turn brown and smell good. CONCLUSION/ EVALUATION/IMPROVEMENTS The purpose of this experiment was to find out the two substances of the unknown mixture out of salt, sugar, dirt, and baking soda. For this experiment my hypothesis was be.The purpose of this experiment was achieved by observing and finding out the characteristics of each substance. The sugar turned brown and smelled good when heated, salt turned black and smelled like burnt rubber when heated, dirt turned to mud when water was added, and baking soda started to bubble when vinegar was added. According to table 1 the data shows that the unknown substance had similar characteristics to both sugar and dirt. And so to find out if my hypothesis was correct or not experiments were carried out based on tests that were characteristics of either sugar or dirt.One experiment was heating the unknown substance to check if it would start drying up and bubbling brown. The other was adding water to test if it would turn into mud. Some mistakes that could be improved in the experiment next time is- making sure not to pour a lot of salt into the beaker when heating it, since there was a lot of salt when heating it the smell was more nastier and shocking. Also when heating the dirt not to let it burn for a long time because when washing it, it was hard to get some of the dirt off.

Chemistry Investigatory Project

CHEM. RES. CHINESE UNIVERSITIES 2012, 28(3), 415418 Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection SUN Jin-ying1, XU Xiao-yu1,2, YU Huan1 and YOU Tian-yan1* 1. State cardinal Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China 2. Ministry of Public Security of Jilin Province, Changchun 130051, P. R.China Abstract A sensitive, straightforward and low-cost method based on capillary electrophoresis(CE) with electrochemical(EC) spotting at a carbon fiber microdisk electrode(CFE) was developed for the determination of nicotine. Effects of spotting potential, concentration and pH value of the phosphate pilot, and gibe sequence as well as separation voltage were investigated. Under the optimized conditions a detection potential of 1. 20 V, 40 mbulwark/L phosphate cushion(pH 2. 0), a sample snapshot quantify of 10 s at 10 kV and a separation voltage of 16 kV, the linear range obtained was from 5. 0? 107 mol/L to 1. 0? 04 mol/L with a correlation co in effect(p) of 0. 9989 and the limit of detection(LOD, S/N=3) obtained was 5. 0? 108 mol/L. The method was also use to determine the nicotine in fundaments. Nicotine fare ranged from 0. 211 mg/g to 0. 583 mg/g in the tube tobacco plant of seven brands of cigarette and the amount in one cigarette varied from 0. 136 mg/cigarette to 0. 428 mg/cigarette. Keywords Capillary electrophoresis Electrochemical detection Nicotine Tobacco Article ID 1005-9040(2012)-03-415-04 1 Introduction Nicotine accounts for about 98%(mass fraction) of the total alkaloids and presents in a concentration of 0. %? 8% (mass fraction) in tobacco1,2. And nicotine addiction is related with graduate(prenominal)er(prenominal) risk for many kinds of diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons and even suicide3,4. Thus its necessary to control nicotine amount in tobacco products. Determination of nicotine is truly important in both the tobacco industry and toxicology area5. A lot of analytical methods have been established for the analysis of nicotine and related alkaloids, such as radioimmunoassay6, spectrophotometry5, near-infrared spectroscopy7, and of late flow dig(FI) with electrochemiluminescence(ECL) detection8.The most frequently utilise analytical techniques for nicotine and its relative compounds determination are high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)9? 15 and gas chromatography (GC)16? 23 with mass spectrometry(MS). Besides, HPLC coupled with UV-visible absorption(UV)24? 28 or GC with flame ionization detector(FID)1,29,30 and atomic emission detector(AED)31 have also been developed to determine nicotine and related alkaloids. Capillary electrophoresis(CE) is characterized by high separation efficiency, minuscule analysis metre and a small amount of reagent consumed.Moreover, capillary column is flexible for use, easy to be treated with and cost effective. CE has been considered as an efficient alternative for HPLC technique32. Up to now, various detectors have been combined with CE separation for nicotine analysis, such as CE-MS33,34, nonaqueous CE(NACE)-MS35, CE-UV36? 38, microchip mi- cellar electrokinetic chromatography(microchip MEKC)-UV39 and CE with dual light-emitting diode induce fluorescence (LEDIF) and ECL detection40. Electrochemical(EC) detection has received more attention due to the simple manipulation and good selectivity.Electrocatalytic oxidation properties of nicotine have been investigated at multi-walled carbon nanotube-alumina-coated silica nanocomposite modified glazed carbon electrode(MWCNTACS-GCE), MWCNT-GCE and pencil graphite electrode3,41,42. HPLC with EC detection has been used for nicotine assay in plasma and hair43,44. NACE-EC was also established for tobacco nicotine detection45. In this paper, a simple CE-EC analytical procedure at a carbon fiber microdisk electrode(CFE) was developed. The linear range was 5 . 0? 107? 1. 0? 104 mol/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0. 989. The limit of detection(LOD, S/N=3) obtained was 5. 0? 108 mol/L. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed CE-EC method, seven different cigarette brands were tested. Nicotine amounts ranged from 0. 211 mg/g to 0. 583 mg/g in pipe tobacco of seven brands of cigarette and the amount in one cigarette varied from 0. 136 mg/cigarette to 0. 428 mg/cigarette. 2 2. 1 Experimental Reagents All the reagents were of analytical grade that were used as received without further purification. Nicotine(purity 99. 7%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar(USA). Stock solution of 1. ? 103 mol/L nicotine was prepared in doubly distilled water *Corresponding author. E-mail emailprotected jl. cn Received June 20, 2011 accepted November 24, 2011. Supported by the National rude(a) Science Foundation of China(No. 20875085). 416 CHEM. RES. CHINESE UNIVERSITIES Vol. 28 and stored at 4 C. Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, H3PO4 and NaOH were used for phosphat e buffer solutions(PBS) preparation. All the solutions were prepared and diluted with doubly distilled water unless other indicated. PBS was prepared daily with doubly distilled water.All the solutions were filtered through a 0. 22 ? m membrane before use. Different brands of cigarette were purchased from local market. high detection predisposition. As shown in Fig. 2, with the increase of the applied detection potential, the current response increase slowly amongst 0. 70 and 1. 00 V, and then increased quickly between 1. 00 and 1. 20 V. Higher detection potential than 1. 20 V led to a peak current decrease and background noise increase. To secure high detection sensitivity, 1. 20 V was selected as the optimum applied detection potential. 2. 2 ApparatusEC experiment was conducted with a Voltammetric Analyzer(CHI 800, USA). A conventional three-electrode system was employed with a 33-? m CFE as working electrode, a Pt wire as counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode as referenc e electrode. An uncoated fused-silica capillary with i. d. of 25 ? m and length of 45 cm(Ruifeng Chromatogram Equipment Co. , Ltd. , Hebei, China) was used for sampling and separation. Capillary was rinsed in 0. 1 mol/L NaOH overnight before use. Every day before experiments, it was ruddy with doubly distilled water for about 10 min and balanced with running buffer for about 15 min.CE-EC was conducted on a self-assembly instrument including a Voltammetric Analyzer(CHI 800, USA) and a high voltage supplier(MPI-A, Remax Electronic Co. , Ltd. , Xian, China). Sample injection was performed electrokinetically for 10 s at 10 kV. Fig. 2 HDV investigation of nicotine c(Nicotine)=1. 0? 105 mol/L sample injection 10 s at 10 kV separation voltage 20 kV CE buffer 40 mmol/L PBS(pH 2. 0) cell buffer 0. 1 mol/L PBS(pH 8. 0). 3. 3 Optimization of CE-EC Conditions 3 3. 1 Results and Discussion Cyclic Voltammetry(CV) CV was used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of nicotine.A dramatic curr ent increased from 0. 70 V was observed for nicotine(Fig. 1, curve b) compared with that of background electrolyte(Fig. 1, curve a), indicating that nicotine had high electroactivity at CFE. The surface assimilation property of CFE for nicotine was also investigated under CV experiment, however, no adsorption phenomenon of nicotine was observed. Since the oxidation potential of nicotine was not high at CFE, CE coupled with EC at CFE is practical for nicotine determination. Some other important factors including buffer concentration and buffer pH as well as separation voltage were investigated.Running buffer pH value influences the charge-mass ratio of the analyte and then influences the electrophoresis behavior of the analyte. We investigated the effect of pH values on the detection between pH 2. 0 and pH 10. 0 as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3 Effect of pH of CE buffer on detection of nicotine pH a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10. insulation voltage 14 kV other conditions were the same as those in Fig. 2. Fig. 1 Cyclic voltammetry curve of nicotine a. Background electrolyte, 0. 1 mol/L PBS(pH 8. 0) b. 1. 0? 103 mol/L nicotine scan rate 0. 05 V/s. 3. Hydrodynamic Voltammogram(HDV) probe Since applied detection potentials influence the detection sensitivity, thus we investigated the HDV of nicotine to achieve At pH 2. 0, nicotine was fully protonated and electroosmotic flow(EOF) was well restrained. EC response was the highest at pH 2. 0, and then decreased with the increase of pH value. With the increase of pH value, the migration time decreased correspondingly. Strong acidic CE buffer pH is more beneficial to sensitive and selective determination of nicotine. In consideration of the detection sensitivity, pH 2. was selected as the proper CE buffer pH value. Separation voltage is an important factor that influences the detection sensitivity and the migration time. When the separation voltage was changed from 10 kV to 20 kV, the migration time decreased from 14 min to 7 mi n correspondingly. No. 3 SUN Jin-ying et al. 417 As for EC response, when the separation voltage increased from 10 kV to 18 kV, the EC intensity of nicotine increased quickly, after that it decreased quickly from 18 kV to 20 kV(shown in Fig. 4). Detection sensitivity at 16 kV was higher than that at 18 kV.In consideration of the detection sensitivity, 16 kV was selected as the optimum separation voltage. supermarket. shriek tobacco of 0. 1 g was weighed and placed in a polyethylene tube, in which 10 mL of solvent was added for nicotine extraction. Then, 10 L of the extraction solution was transferred into a new polyethylene tube and diluted 100 times by doubly distilled water and the diluted extraction solution was used for analysis. 4. 2 Investigation of Extraction Solvents Fig. 4 Effect of separation voltage on detection of nicotine Applied detection potential 1. 20 V other conditions are as those in Fig. . 3. 4 Linear Range and LOD To obtain high extraction efficiency, solvents including water, methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate were investigated. legitimate response of nicotine extracted with different solvents is shown in Fig. 5. Current response of nicotine was the highest when water was used as solvent. Methanol was also efficient for the extraction of nicotine from pipe tobacco. However, when methanol was used as solvent, migration time prolonged and the service line shifted. When chloroform was used for extraction, current response was about 36% of that when water was used for extraction.Only very low response was found when ethyl acetate was used as solvent. Water was selected as nicotine extraction solvent for the highest nicotine current response obtained. Under the selected conditions an applied detection potential of 1. 20 V sample injection for 10 s at 10 kV a separation voltage of 16 kV 40 mmol/L PBS(pH 2. 0) as running buffer and 0. 1 mol/L PBS(pH 8. 0) as detection buffer, EC response of nicotine was linear with concentration from 5. 0? 107 mol/L to 1. 0? 104 mol/L(81? 16200 g/L)(y = 0. 2566+0. 4884x, R2= 0. 9978) and LOD(S/N=3) of nicotine was determined to be 5. 0? 108 mol/L(8. g/L). The proposed CE-EC method was compared with HPLC-MS9,10, HPLC-UV24,28, CE-UV38,39, CE-MS34, CE-LEDIF-ECL40, microchip CE-UV39, NACE-MS35 and NACE-EC45 methods( get across 1). From get across 1 we can know that linear range and LOD of CE-EC are nearly comparable with those of HPLC-MS9 and UV24 or NACE-EC45 methods and CE-EC is almost 2000 times more sensitive than microchip CE method. Table 1 Method HPLC-MS HPLC-MS FI-ECL HPLC-UV HPLC-UV CE-MS NACE-MS CE-UV Micorchip CE-UV CE-LEDIF-ECL NACE-EC CE-EC Fig. 5 Extraction solvent comparison a. Water b. methanol c. chloroform d. ethyl acetate.Separation voltage 16 kV injection 10 s at 10 kV applied detection potential 1. 20 V cell buffer 0. 1 mol/L PBS(pH 8. 0) CE buffer 40 mmol/L PBS(pH 2. 0). 4. 3 Extraction Time Investigation Comparison of CE-EC with other methods for nicotine determin ation Linear range/(? gL1) 10? 10000 1? 100 0? 16000 25? 500 250? 100000 500? 100000 1724? 17240 100? 10000 81? 16200 LOD/(? gL1) 10 1 0. 19 8 100 0. 55 20 16000 259. 2 13 8. 1 Ref. 9 8 22 24 28 34 35 38 39 40 45 Our method The influence of extraction time on nicotine detection was investigated between 2 and 7 h.When extraction time was increased from 2 h to 4 h, the nicotine response kept increasing. But when extraction time continued to increase, the current response decreased, which may be due to the nicotine decomposition under room conditions. We chose 4 h as proper extraction time based on the experiment result. 4. 4 Tobacco Analysis 4 4. 1 Cigarette Analysis Extraction Procedure Seven brands of cigarettes were purchased from local Pipe tobacco of 0. 1 g of each seven brands of cigarettes was weighed respectively and 10 mL of doubly distilled water was used for nicotine extraction.Nicotine amounts ranged from 0. 211 mg/g to 0. 583 mg/g in the pipe tobacco of each of seven brands of cigarettes. Nicotine amount in one cigarette varied from 0. 136 mg/cigarette to 0. 428 mg/cigarette(as listed in Table 2). The results obtained are slightly less than the amounts reported in the literature46. With the increase of nicotine concentration, the recovery decreased. For 5. 0? 106, 5. 0? 105 and 5. 0? 104 mol/L of nicotine, the recoveries were 80%, 75% and 418 CHEM. RES. 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Analysis of the Story Doctor in the House Essay

The story to be analyzed is entitled Doctor in the category written by Richard Gordon. He also wrote several novels and screenplays dealing with practice of medicine. The extract is about passing oral and written exams on medicine. The author describes the focusing how the master(prenominal) character passed his examinations. He considered it to be death. A lot of images can be found in the text. They create atmosphere of a contest, a court, tuneful playing. The author emphasizes the inevitability of meeting Secretary to hear the sentenceIn 1952, he left medical practice and took up writing full time. He has an uncredited role as an anesthesiologist in the movie Doctor in the House. The early Doctor novels, set in the fictitious St Swithins, a teaching infirmary in London, were initi each(prenominal)y witty and app arntly autobiographical later obtains included more sexual innuendo and farce. The novels were very successful in Britain in Penguin paper-back book during the 1960s and 1970s.Richard Gordon also contributed to Punch magazine and has create books on medicine, gardening, fishing and cricket. The film adaptation of Doctor in the House was released in 1954, two age after the book, while Doctor at Sea came out the following year with Brigitte Bardot. Dirk Bogarde starred as Dr. Simon Sparrow in both. The later spin-off TV series were often written by well-known British comic performers.Doctor in the House begins with the lead protagonist getting into a fictive medical college in London, St. Swithins. He collects a handful of faithful friends, including Grimsdyke, whose main aim to remain an eternal student as his aunt has left a large legacy in his name, for the duration of his course (as the funds will cease once he qualifies, he prefers to fail every examination). The book goes by dint of the trials and tribulations of their college lives-sports, studies, spats with teachers and love affairs. Snippets like using a human skull as an ash-tray an d trying to weasel out of tight propertys in examinations will strike a chord not only in every doctor and medical student, but also in anyone who has ever attempted an examinationIn one of my favourite incidents, Simon (the hero) is asked to add together a patients eyes with an ophthalmoscope. He says I always intended to find out how this thing worked, but never got around to doing it Further, on checking the patients eyes, his comment was that it looked like fishes swimming in an aquarium full of murky water. Luckily for him, he was able to wriggle out of the situation by a simple trick, and eventually passed the examinationThe book is full of incidents like that, and will keep you laughing page after page. When I faultless the book, I felt a vague disappointment that it was over so soon There is a little flirting, but nothing that even an girlish readers mother would censor. Hindi films are a lot worse So if you havent been exposed to Richard Gordon yet, this is a good time to start.This is the original book in the Doctor in the House series and deals with his medical training. The Doctor books were written as memoirs, a fiction continued by the author and main characters name being the same. In reality, Dr. Richard Gordon Dr. Gordon Ostlere, a highly-qualified surgeon and anaethetist and contemporary of my uncle who was a reknowned anaethestist himself but I didnt know that at the time. comical stories of young doctors at medical school. A series of films were based on the Doctor books, and a television series as well. This one was first published in 1952.Product Description Richard Gordons acceptance into St Swithans medical school came as no surprise to anyone, least of all him after all, he had been to public school, played first XV rugby, and his father was, lets face it, a St Swithans man. Surely he was set for life. It was alternatively a shock then to discover that, once there, he would actually have to work, and quite hard. Fortunately for Richard Gordon, life proved not to be all dissection and textbooks after allThis hilarious hospital comedy is perfect reading for anyone whos ever wondered exactly what medical students get up to in their training. skilful dont read it on your way to the doctorsAbout the Author Richard Gordon is best-known for his hilarious Doctor books and the long-running television series they inspired. Himself a qualified doctor, he worked as an anaesthetist, ships surgeon and then as assistant editor of the British Medical Journal before difference medical practice in 1952 to take up writing full time. Many of his books are based on these experiences in the medical profession and are all told with the rye wit and candid humour that have become his hallmark.

Mrsa

Staphylococcus erasures is a coagulate positive bacterium, and is among those that argon desperate unman pathogen because it has the ability to both be extremely virulent and its ability to develop antibiotic resistance, (Beers, 1442). This leads to the explanation of Nonmetallic-Resistant Staphylococcus erasures. The particular pathogen is cross-resistant to all Beta-lactates, Including all penicillin and cosponsoring (Beers, 229). As of late there have been two different way that MRS. has been classified.The first CA-MRS., Is community acquired MRS., and HA-MRS. healthcare acquired MRS. (Gregory, 230). Both cause skin and soft tissue Infections, which complicate abscess, furnaces, and bolls. Most patients do not even notice the site t first claiming they thought it was a spider bite and leave it untreated for an prolonged length of time (Gregory, 232). Transmission of the bacteria occurs through close contact with someone who is already infected with the organism (Gregory, 233). Surprisingly the organism can be install in the nose and skin of 20-30% of healthy adults, according to The Merck Research Laboratories (Broker, 873). According to the CDC, 85% of all invasive MRS. infections are associated with hospital stays. However many hospitals are trying to combat the extremely high communicable rate at which this Super Bug is breading, with the use of Contact Precautions (Gregory, 244). Identification of an Infection occurs wealth 48-72 hours of a culture (Gregory, 239).After a patient Is determined to have MRS., each visitor, nurse, doctor etc. That enters that patients room must wear a disposable gown and gloves, and hence must take of these items before exiting the room. Hospitals hope that this volition limit the spread of MRS. among its patients. So far there are have been two types of antibiotic that will treat or kill MRS.. Vaccines has been shown to kill the organism, while Thermopile- collateralizes inhibits its ability to multiply (Broker, 874).

Progressing Through Life

Progressing in life could be one of the most difficult things that a psyche will fill to face during their lifetime. The troubles and problems that they encounter befriends them to develop as a person, moreover also puts them through extraordinary pain. Denis Waitley a man known glob all(prenominal)y for counselling some of the worlds most famous athletes, said a quote that could relate back to developing in life. He said Dont dwell on what went wrong. Instead, focus on what to do next. Spend your energies on moving forward toward finding the answer.In the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, developing as a person is portrayed in several incompatible ways through the main character ameer. As a child emir face up conflict surrounded by his father and himself mostly because he was trying to find a way to learn and connect with his father to help him figure give away how he indirect requests to live. As he enters his teenage years he experiences evil in this world sho w upgrowth hand, something some people will never see. eruditeness to control himself and realize how to handle it is a major step for most people.Later when he enters adulthood he begins to take responsibility and puts others ahead of himself. Helping those who cannot help themselves is a considerate and remarkable thing to accomplish in life. During a humans childhood they face a lot of self actualization and this causes most kids to be confused as they are proceeding through the early stages of their lives. ameers father makes it very challenging for ameer to develop as a child because he does not piss very much respect for emir and does not acknowledge him enough. This is grown-ups time.Why dont you go read one of thosebooks of yours? (Hosseini 3). This quote shows how Amirs father overleapd him like he did not exist. This caused Amir to hire very frustrated with his father because all he ever cute was to be accepted by him. Another point that relates back Baba not lovi ng loving Amir as much as he should, is when Baba is lecture to Rahim Kahn. They are talking intimately how Amir never sticks up for himself and Hassan has to do it for him. Self defence has nothing to do with meanness. You know what always comes when the neighbourhood boys bumble him?Hassan steps in and fends them off. Ive seen it with my own eyes. And when they come home, I say to him, How did Hassan get that scrape on his face? he fell down Im telling you, Rahim, in that location is something missing in that boy. ( Hosseini 18). This quote shows us how Baba has very little respect for Amir because he believes that he does not know how to stick up for himself and this causes Baba to ignore him more than he already does. This is not completely Amirs fault because he has never been taught how to stand up for himself.This is Babas job, as a father and role model, to make sure he knows this. There is also a time when Baba tries to reach out(p) to Amir and give him the chance to dissemble Baba plainly Amir fails to impress him. When Baba puts Amir into soccer, he is hoping that Amir will take an interest in it. Amir likes the idea so he tries it out, but when he does he finds out that he is not good at playing soccer and he cannot get through this athletic challenge. He is otiose to keep up and his dad gets frustrated so he takes him out of it and tries to see if watching the soccer will be better for him.For the first some weeks Amir fakes being interested in it and his dad soon catches on that he has no interest in it and wants to give up on him. (Hosseini 15). Amir aromas as if he has not inherited any athletic ability from Baba and this makes him feel even more discouraged than he already is. All Amir ever wanted was to get his fathers approval and he fails to do it in almost every situation as a child. As Amir entered his teenage years he faced the evil in the world first hand. Amir witnessed an event that could scar any person for their perfe ct life.When Amir saw Hassan get sexually assaulted he did not engage in the situation to try and help his friend Hassan. Amir stood by and watched his stovepipe friend surrender to the boys who sexually assaulted him. This situation relates back to the first point in this paragraph because if Baba would have taught Amir how to stick up for himself and his friends, he could have tried to stop or prevent this horrible circumstance. This situation relates to the point because if Amir would have prevented the sexual assault then he would not have felt so guilty and lost his best friend.If this situation never happened it could have change his life completely. After Amir watched his best friend get sexually assaulted, this stalled his growth as a child because he was feeling very guilty and did not know what to do with himself. (Hosseini 61). This is demonstrated during the fight between Amir and Hassan at the pomegranate tree. Amir throws a pomegranate at Hassan trying to get him to t hrow one back at him because he wants to feel like he is even with Hassan again but Hassan does not react.Instead Hassan smashes one on his forehead to show that he is loyal to Amir and does not want to hurt him like Amir hurt him. (Hosseini 78). These last two examples shows how Amir is developing and maturing as a person because he now knows what he should do in a situation like that if it ever happens again and it also teaches him how he should be loyal to every person you are stodgy to in life. In Amirs later teenager years his father decides to move to the States to get away from all the evil that was starting to happen in Kabul.He thinks that this is a good choice for him and Amir because it will give them the chance to start a new life in a different country. ( Hosseini 93) This is a turning point in Amirs life because he gets a chance to live in a different environment and take all of the knowledge he has gained and apply it to his new life. When Amir enters his adulthood h e continues to mature and starts to apply everything he has learned through his experiences while growing up as a child and teenager. After Amir finds out that Hassan has passed away, his first instinct is to go and save his son Sohrab.Amir returns back to Kabul and finds out that Sohrab is chthonic the control of the Taliban. As Amir finally finds Sohrab he is faced with the leader of the Taliban which is the man who sexually assaulted Hassan as a child. Amir then sacrifices himself for Sohrab and takes a thrashing from the leader and escapes with Sohrab later on. (Hosseini 247). This is showing that Amir has figured out that he has to put others before himself sometimes in order to make them happy and do what is right. It is a major step for Amir because he has not done this before.After Amir rescues Sorhab from the Taliban he brings him to a hotel so they can stay together until he brings him back to America. The morning after they settle at the hotel, Sohrab runs away to a Mos que and Amir had no idea where he went. Amir then started to panic because he knew that Sohrab was now his responsibility. Amir then asks the man at the front desk several questions until he mentions the Mosque and Amir immediately ran there hoping to find Sohrab. He finds Sohrab there and has a huge weight lifted off of his shoulders because he has found him, and knows that he is okay. (Hosseini 271).As Amir stays with Sohrab he is trying to get the papers which allows him to enter America. When Amir first meets the man trying to help him get Sohrab into America he faces a major issue that becomes an obstacle. The man tells Amir that Sohrab will not be able to leave Kabul until Amir gets proof that he is the uncle of Sohrab. (Hosseini 290). This brave challenge would have been extremely difficult for Amir to handle previously but since he is now very responsible and mentally stronger, he now works hard and does what is necessary to make it possible for Sohrab to come back to Americ a with Amir.Amir has grown and developed significantly since his childhood and now realizes how he can have in impact on other peoples lives if he really puts his mind to it. Mary Engelbreit once said, If you dont like something change it if you cant change it, change the way you think about it. Developing in life is a very difficult challenge for most people, but for some it is something that they can do overnight. In this novel it is close to impossible for Amir to develop in the main stages of his life because of the type of person he is.In his childhood he tries to get his fathers approval, but later finds out that it will be a lot more challenging than it may seem. As he enters his teenage years Amir exposed to the worlds evil first hand. He witness an event that he could have changed but fails to do so because of his lack of knowledge. Then when Amir becomes an adult he finally starts to figure out how to take the responsibility for others and put others in front of himself i n order to make them happy. Amir finally develops in life and puts everything that he has learned to the test. Amir has come a long way and now can say that he is a fully developed man.

My place: My space

This world is definitely made up of mild illusions that we are still living harmoniously with each former(a)(a) and with our environment. We have come to this age where society is not reaching to people in human macrocosm forms anymore. Human interaction emerges over the nets immense capacity. We are in august need of a fulfilling social interaction. What we have are swarms of electronic chat and message instrument panels trash with no honest emotional interconnections to serve feelings and sharing real experiences itself be it wound or joy. We all have the compassion to share what we feel and radiate inner happiness to other people who are in search for even one friend to understand their world, this world and them. reinforcement in a fast paced society, in a fast paced world, makes adults and youth evolve to unlimitedly cope up the pressures of plow, environment, social interaction stratification, family, and technology. Sadly, adults priority listing serves to cope up on e verything where they lot gain advantage especially monetary ones living family relationships concept behind. The idea might be challenging but simply exhilarating I feel the need to do my thing amidst the complexities of my environment and human nature. There is something I have to perk on in this world a need to catch me.Dare ask the question of consequence Are people losing themselves to the black hole of their own creative thinking? We perform what we seek and in the process of achieving lose a p contrivance of ourselves and buried a lot of relationships therein, but to whose gain? My bedroom is the only place in this world where I quite a little register myself be it art, poetry, speech writing, and reading. My computer is in my bedroom and it does a lot of things for me to serve my personal beguile of relaxation, my music, my DVDs, and my passion work at home academic writing and research. My bedroom is my place talent me my space from an infinite battle of articulating progress and pace.The place to spend ones time to furbish up youth and vigor does not only mean costly trips to beauty spas and saloons. It also mandates comfort and appliance in experiencing freedom of doing the things you love thus do it your very own passion and inspiration to be the person you really wanted to be without catering illusions. Just plain me and my unique characteristic of enjoying the art of being alone without the presence of friends and other people engaging me into general disputeions and afterwards ends up presentment me what to do.This is rather a contrary to the kind of empathy and intellectual responses I expect out of human interactions. Replenishing my push button and recovering my perspective in life through music and meditations makes me feel whole and refresh upon termination of the task.My bedroom is the only place in the world that respects my privacy and guess I provide say I am in-charge here without unwanted interference. Reflections of the days events will start to exhibition loosenesstically in a series of replays in my mind. This is a kind of a rain cow chip that serves to gauge how well we perform as a person. We do not need to check work performance in our quiet moments, we have our companys performance appraisal forms for that. We practically compulsory moral updates to determine if the world has not influence us as it pushes to affect our views and inner perspectives.sometimes when we need to cry and reach out to our inner self out of sorrow and deep frustrations, we can easily bump our head on our soft pillows without letting others see off poised drama performance. People could be so disappointing when no matter how hard you try to explain things and discuss the subject eye-to-eye still their heads are in parallel run on to something that is clamoring to their own thoughts and conclusion. It is an awful art of listening thats not really hearing what they listened since they werent able to bushel the mea ning of what you have been telling them. It is a kind of a frustratingly off course discussion. They convincingly believed themselves to be political science on any topic which make them tend to talk more and give advices that form as a pressing order rather than consoling.My frustrations would make me want to let that voice in me get out and be heard, but on what form? I write and reach out to myself in my bedroom. When everything else is still and quiet, it is easier to reach to the supernatural in us and feel the beating of our hearts while meditating. I seek my strength in my inner world because if I seek my strength from the support of other people then I will have no strength at all. Only conviction can continuously support to carry us with our burden.Our constant fellowship with God must neer be taken for granted in the entirety of human evolution. It seems that the world has been so busy and so filled with science that they forget the genesis of life. Witnessing further ho w science, social stratification, position and wealth accumulation has flow man far from the candor of God. It seems to deliberately change a person to another form of being yet filled with emptiness in his entirety. We forget the meaning and we produce ourselves empty and continuously making a detour with our concept on life ideologies.People could frantically worry about on a lot of things and work. They can be a member of any group or give way to any aspired circle of friends. One could be so successful but still lonely and devoid of happiness like our super action heroes and blatantly blonde actresses. It is because each of us needed to find time for ourselves, to find ourselves, to find God, and regain a better perspective in life. My bedroom gives it all, creativeness, wholeness, authority, comfort, and propitiation to my passion in writing.

Disability Discrimination Essay

visible check discrimination is when bulk ar being treated less fairly because of their disability such(prenominal) as broken leg, deaf, or blind. People can be discriminated direct or indirect. Unfair intercession means that a disable someone will be treated disadvantaged in the rules of order and doesnt have the kindred opportunity or choice as a non-disable person in smirch like employment, education, and access goods, services and facilities.Personal ExperienceI have no personal follow up in physical disability discrimination but I have found a tommyrot about customers getting rejected by a proportionaurant because a person is in a wheelchair and the waiter is unwilling to rearrange the table for the customer. He is being discriminated because the waiter wouldnt treat him the same as other customers and service them, the waiter doesnt want to stage service because he is disable. main ViewsChristian ChurchesThe Christian church buildinges views about disability discri mination are based on what is written in the bible. Christians think that everyone should be treated evenly no matter if a person is disabling or not as bible referred in John 1334 A new prevail I give you Love one another. As I have honord you, so you must love one another. This means that there should be no discrimination in this world because everyone should love one another as god has loved us. Ephesians 214 For he himself is our peace, who has made the dickens one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility.This verse show that god has destroyed the barriers (e.g. differences) and the dividing wall of hostility among stack, therefore people should all be treated the same and everyone should be friendly to each other, no one should ever be discriminated against for their disability, everyone should be equal despite their ability. divinity indicates that if we verbally abuse soul that means we are harming a person that is created in Gods image, which me ans that we are mistreating someone that God loves and who the Nazarene gave up his life for.People with Disabilities are called, like all people, to respond in faith to the God revealed in Christ. People with disabilities have gifts which contribute to the building up of the whole body of Christ. Through peoplewith disabilities Christ may work and bear witness to himself. (Include Me In Uniting Church of NSW)This quote is state from Uniting Church of NSW, its said that disability people have different contribution to the community to us, they sit in something else for Christ, their disability is helping Christ to work and bear witness to himself. They are contributing equally to those who are not disabled so therefore they should be treated equally.Political View impairment discrimination Act is being created by the government in 1992 to prevent discrimination of a person with disability in public areas.The handicap Discrimination Act allows the Attorney-General to provoke sta ndards on particular topics. The standards give more information about what needs to be done to ensure people with disability are not discriminated against.The Discrimination Act shows that the government really cares about how people with disability is treated and make sure they do not get further discrimination when they travel around public area. It is against the police to discriminate someone with disability. The two standards of discrimination act is disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport and Disability Standards for Education to let disable people feel free to travel with public transport and groom just like other kids. The government view is to get everyone in the society equal no matter if they are of a different culture or if they have disability.Value AnalysisFor this bang the political views and Christian views are similar, they are all trying to support people who suffer from disabilities in the society to not get discriminated by other people without d isabilities. Christians tries to get their views across by the church and use extracts from the bible to show that god wants us to treat everyone the same, and people with disabilities contributes to Christ just as much as everyone else. Government tries to get their views across by giving out laws about disability discrimination so now in the society people with disabilities are being treated fairly. Example, theres ramps and addict build for public transport for the disabled and there is special school build for people with disabilities. some(prenominal) government and Christian is trying to makepeople with disabilities feels just as normal as the rest of us and not letting them feel left out because there is something different about them.My lastI think that the government and Christians is doing a really good job at making people with disabilities to live like everyone else and fit in the society. Bible gives a really good outline as to what we should and should not do the bi ble says that we should not discriminate against the disabilities because they are just the same as us and sometimes they might do a lot more contribution to the society than us, they shouldnt be discriminated.I think that we should actually learn a lesson from people with disabilities they have a very high reputation in life, they dont give up on life just because they have disabilities, they are very prevail to live through everyday with something missing from them. I think disability discrimination should be stop and government and Christians should continue raise awareness throughout the society to let other people cheat people with disabilities is not much different from the rest of us.Bibliogr

Organizational Behaviour Written Assignment Essay

Organizations strive to be effective. However, conflicts within an organization mint distort the effectiveness of organizations. Potential for conflicts can be found in all organizations. Nowadays at that place is a need for understanding what merely ca purposes conflict. With this knowledge, organization can decrease the possibility of encountering conflict. We can describe organizational conflict, as an open melodic phrase amidst two or more individuals/groups within an organization, which gives to a disrupt cooperation (Hatch, 1997). In organizations, conflicts can top on a horizontal and upended level. In our enquiry we volition focus on just level conflicts, which mean that the conflict fasten ons place between people from antithetical hierarchical levels. As Jung (2003) states, conflicts are clearly associated with designer/ position within an organization.Therefore, vertical conflicts can be caused by a escape of acceptance of status and force-out in a hierarc hal model. This last point can be attributed to situation surmount, one of the culture dimensions of Hofstede. Our moderator model starts with the independent versatile status that leads to the dependent variable conflict, and the relationship between these two is influenced by the moderator power distance. Our inquiry question is as fol beginnings Does power distance (moderator) influence the relation between status (IV) and conflict (DV)? If we found out that power distance influence the relation between status and conflicts, we found a cause for conflicts in organizations and because we know how to reduce conflicts, that is the importance of this research question.HypothesisAn increase in status, the independent variable, entrust lead to a higher possibility of conflict, which is the dependent variable. Hofstedes dimension of power distance acts as the moderator. power distance explains how less powerful members of a society, in our case organization, accept that power is unequally distributed. A high power distance refers to an acceptance of a hierarchical baffle. A low power distance strives for equal distribution of power, and it looks for justification of inequalities of status (geert-hofstede.com). Therefore, our hypothesis is If there is a hierarchical order and the status increases, the possibility of conflict go out also increase. Especially if there is a low power distance. expositionIn this section we will explain what our expectations of the outcome of this research are. If the status of a person in an organization increases that person will have more power over the other employees. We expect that there will be more conflict in the organization due to the fact that there is a more unequal distribution of status. The lower employees have the feeling that they have no say in things, while their supervisor or manager has e verything to say. In general this will lead to more vertical conflict.However power distance plays an important role i n this. In organizations that have a low power distance, an increase of status will definitely lead to more conflict. This is because organizations with a low power distance strive for an equal distribution of power. The employees will most definitely disagree with the increase of status, and they will not easily accept this. However, in organizations with a high power distance, an increase of status competency lead to a little more conflict. But the effect is not as described above. In such organizations there is a hierarchical order that is accepted, which means that we believe that an increase of status will be more accepted. Thus, leads to a lesser increase of conflict than when there is a low power distance.MethodWe develop a research method in order to determine whether the relationship between status and conflicts is negatively or positively influenced by power distance. The research type that we will use is a survey, more specifically, a questionnaire. We explain the proces s of how we will do the research method carry out below.ParticipantsAround 270 people of several companies will be asked during our survey. We supposed that 270 people is a great fare to complete the research successfully and draw a sufficient conclusion. The expected participants who participate in our research are employees, who have to be 20 until 65 years old in order to allow in the different ages and their views on organizations. We try to equally choose participants from both sexes with a different employment status.We will ask, for example, a CEO, a sales manager and a janitor from the same enterprise to get a good overview through the whole organization and their thoughts about hierarchy and power distance. However, not every company has that a lot female employees in their organization. Therefore, we will ask more male employees than female employees if it is necessary. Furthermore, our participants will be from different continents, namely Asia, Europe, and the Unite d States.ProcedureWe have chosen for iii continents to take off our questionnaire in order to make sure that the culture of different continents does not have influence on the results. Another undercoat that it is a necessity to ask organizations in different continents is the need to get adequate results. We will ask in every continent six companies to participate in our questionnaire, whereof three companies have a substantive hierarchy and three companies do not have or have a low hierarchy.Furthermore, the three companies in every continent are divided into a small company with under deoxycytidine monophosphate employees, a middle company with around 500 employees, and a big company with over green employees. In every company, there will be 15 employees asked to participate in the questionnaire. The questionnaire will be taken off by the online-questionnaire method. We manoeuvre the several CEOs of the companies the questionnaires by electronic mail. It is not possible fo r us to take off all the questionnaires face-to-face because of the geographical distance between the continents. However, we will provide the questionnaires with a very clear explanation about the questionnaire. We expect that the whole procedure will take around 15 minutes per person.MeasurementOur questionnaire will include 20 statements regarding to hierarchy and conflicts at the workplace. The answers varying from a number of 1 to 7, with at the left side strongly agree and at the opposite site strongly disagree. The front page of the questionnaire is about some general background information like their age, sex, status in the company, and their nationality. However, there are also some limitations associated with the survey. Firstly, it is possible that organizations and participants do not want to participate in the survey for several reasons. Secondly, there is a chance that people do not understand the questions set and giving therefore an insufficient answer.Because we are not using the face-to-face method, it is not possible for us to explain the question clearly to the participator during the questionnaire. Lastly, there could be some message barriers because we make use of an online questionnaire send by email. For instance, the CEO does not read the email because it was marked as spam. To put all together, our research method is a survey, more specifically, a questionnaire with 20 statements regarding to the hierarchy and conflicts at the workplace. There will be asked 18 companies in three different continents with in total 270 employees. It is an online questionnaire send to the CEOs of the specific companies by email with clear explanations.Bibliographyhttp//geert-hofstede.comhttp//ejbo.jyu.fi/pdf/ejbo_vol10_no1_pages_22-28.pdfJung, S. (2003), The effects of organizational culture on conflict resolution in marketing, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 3 September, pp. 242-46.Katz, D. and Kahn, R. L. (1978), The Social Psychology of Organization, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Hybrid Vehicles: the Dark Side Essay

AbstractIn the past ten-spot, cross galvanising fomites (HEV) confine been making a big commotion with the innovative, petrol saving technologies that accompany them. The delusion that HEVs ar 100 percent environmentally sociable in all aspects also follows the HEV wave. Sadly the fancy often wins over unsuspecting customers the instant mitigate shove offolene mileage is asideered. This review on the environmental pee-pee-to doe with of the crossbreed electric vehicle observes the un cyphern sides of the automotive green movement. The piece comp ars how an ordinary gaseous state vehicle (non-HEV) can achieve gas mileage that is just as good, if non better, than the more(prenominal) naughty-priced hybrid option. This reality check on the parvenuest technologies uproots what manufacturers do not want anyone to know or reckon about when buying a vehicle including environmental contaminant of the hybrid electric vehicle, non-HEV kindle providence, the neglect of even up-back from owning an HEV, and how the HEV lacks the level of versatility demandd for many American families. cross electric car VehiclesThe Dark SideThesis crossbreeding Electric Vehicles should cease to be amazed because of four main issues environmental pollution has not reduced, better supply economy can be achieved in non-hybrid vehicles, in that respect is no payback in owning a hybrid, and hybrid vehicles do not micturate the same versatility many American families take in.I. Environmental Pollution and the Hybrid Electric Vehicle A. Batteries contain Nickel, Lithium, and Lead1. Mining these materials is hazardous, causes acid rain2. Shipping these materials is costly and the transportation vehicle contributes to pollution B. Car haps go through with(predicate)3. Vehicular accidents happen all of the time, HEV batteries are prone to damage and can disclose harmful materials (acids) into the environment. 4. Recycling batteries is impossible right now. Where do the batteries go? II. Non-HEV Fuel EconomyC. European Diesels vs. HEV5. For decades European automotive companies know been producing diesel engine causalityed cars achieving mpg in the 40-90 range depending on the size of the vehicle 6. Americans lose still to adopt this technology due to discrepancies in emissions controls and standards. D. Alternative Fuel Technologies7. Hydrogen power is congruous more available to the consumers in larger cities such as Los Angeles and New York City. 8. The technology is still rather expensive, but if the government stopped wasting money on HEV information and started spending on the festering of Hydrogen Power, our depending on foreign oil would diminish and we would have a reliable, renewable, and ecologically sound slide fastenerIII. HEVs Do Not Pay To OwnE. Non-HEV vs. HEV9. Most non-HEVs leave tend to pay themselves off in a matter of age because they have small livelihood be and relatively easy upkeep. 10. HEVs have many new features that are expensive to keep up in todays trade, in particular with limited accessibility to stand-in parts. F. Maintenance11. HEVs are filled with a plethora of new costs that can drain a wallet dry Depending on how long an HEV is owned the owner must maintain both the electric and gas motor along with the battery. 12. A battery costs upward of an expensive $2,000.IV. HEVs and the PopulationG. Urban Population and HEV Use13. Many Americans live in congested cities where give notice consumption is tremendous and pollution is a major problem. 14. HEVs offer the contrivance of shutting off the gas motor while stopped and operating wholly the electric motor when in stop-and-go traffic. 15. More accidents happen in and around the city it is more likely for a hybrid to be subject to accidents in the city. H. Rural Population and HEV Use16. Many multitude living in small towns and villages need four-wheeled drive vehicles that can show hard labor. 17. Gas mile age is indispensible to this population. 18. HEV applications in trucks and sport utility vehicles have failed to deliver gas mileage vastly superior to that of non-HEVs. 19. Blue collar workers need vehicles with muscle and power, HEVs do not offer that.ConclusionHybrid Electric VehiclesThe Dark SideThe hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has become an extremely usual choice for many Americans in the past decade. Because it has become so popular, the HEV has cart track to many new and harsh environmental impacts on a global level. Hybrids have been viewed as the purpose to the united States oil dependency. Providing superior dismiss economy and lower emissions, a hybrid car was reliable to be a hit among city-dwelling citizens however, the popularity of the HEV is beginning to look like a bad thing. HEVs require a battery to power the electric motor.The batteries contain chemicals that can be released into the environment in the case of an accident or disposal. This is a serious pr oblem that needs to be addressed. Hybrid Electric Vehicles should cease to be produced because of four main issues environmental pollution has not reduced, better sack economy can be achieved in non-hybrid vehicles, there is no payback in owning a hybrid, and hybrid vehicles do not possess the same versatility many American families need. Environmental Pollution and the Hybrid Electric VehicleSmog infested cities have been searching for an answer to pollution the hybrid vehicle was the response or so it seemed. HEVs have been around long enough to leave both a positive and a negative impact on the environment. A hybrid was meant to reduce fuel consumption and minimize harmful emissions and it does the job well however, the people who see a hybrid as eco-friendly do not see the polluting monster that hides behind the cloak. Hybrids require a plethora of different parts that normal cars do not typically need. The entire play requires a tremendous amount of energy from other sources, such as diesel power. The process through which HEV batteries are made emits more impurities than an HEV will produce in its lifetime. Not only if can HEVs produce pollution before they are made, but they can also contribute to pollution while movement down the road. If one of these vehicles were to get in a major accident, the harmful chemicals within the battery could leak into the ground and contaminate water supplies. The same thing happens when HEVs are sent to the wrecking yard.The batteries are not easy to recycle and there has yet to be an efficient and environmentally safe way to tuck in of the hazardous materials. The hybrid electric vehicle has started to fuel controversy over the true environmental impact of such vehicles. Most batteries found in HEVs today consist of nickel metal hydride (NiMH), or atomic number 3 ion (Li-Ion) two very toxic chemicals. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (2011), the nearly environmentally vulnerable compo nent of a hybrid vehicle is the battery. Disposing of the batteries is a major concern and manufacturers have yet to present proper disposal instructions.The largest environmental problem with batteries is the mining and manufacturing of the raw materials that go into them. Many benevolent and machine workers are needed to freect the materials from the Earth, producing immense amounts pollution and damaging the health of the humans in the mines (para. 8). HEVs have a long way to go before becoming the optimal eco-friendly vehicle Dr. Dominic Notter of Empa engineering and Society Laboratory (2010) writes that 15 percent of the total environmental burden can be ascribed to the battery (including its manufacture, maintenance and disposal), (para. 7). Notter suggests that lithium batteries are not as environmentally bad as they were first understood to be.The Empa aggroup speculates that the biggest environmental impact by HEVs is the sources where the electricity is produced to cha rge the batteries. The sources can be an assortment of nuclear, coal-fired, and hydroelectric power creating a firmly offset balance between the emissions of the source and the battery itself. In short, HEVs are indirectly responsible for the environmental impacts caused by the batteries (Niederst, 2010).Non-HEV Fuel EconomySetting aside the problems associated with HEVs, Non-HEVs are plenty adequate to(p) of achieving tremendously better fuel economy. European diesel technology has come a great surmount in the past ten years. Many small diesel cars are able to achieve 70 to eighty miles per gallon with stock configuration, compared to standard gasoline which in most small cars only achieves thirty miles per gallon. Thirty miles per gallon by U.S. standards is pretty good, but it can be better. Today there are large trucks that can achieve twenty-two miles per gallon on diesel fuel, yet smaller gas trucks will get only fifteen miles per gallon. The technology to make Non-HEVs mo re fuel efficient is there it just needs to be utilized and exe mowed. Part of the power that the U.S. has not used new diesel technology is because of the emissions standards difference from Europes current standards, but there is no acceptable reason why the U.S. cannot invest bringing smaller, cleaner diesels to the market.Engineers have been improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines for over one hundred years. The article Fuel Economy TodayAlt Fuels Tomorrow (2010) suggests that the king of silver energy efficiency is diesel fuel, (para. 3). Diesel fuel is a major driving force in the U.S. economy by propelling nearly 1.3 million long haul semi trucks on U.S. roadstead every day (Aerodynamic, 2011, para. 2). Nearly every item on todays market is delivered by either diesel burning semi truck or locomotive, which constantly raises demand for the most updated diesel technologies as the U.S. economy strives to go green. On another front, diesel is becoming a popular option on smaller, lighter duty vehicles meaning diesel could be the next gasoline.This transition could go bad buyers away from the hybrid market as most small diesels provide decent fuel economy and in the long make pass are a better deal. According to Gasoline Panic 2011 Hybrid/Electric Vehicles Not the Answer (2011), Joe Wiesenfelder, senior editor of Cars.com, believes that, for economic purposes, the purchase of an HEV because of fuel costs makes weensy sense. Buying a Nissan Leaf or Chevy Volt now is no more logical and plausibly less- due to market realities. The new compacts like the Chevy Cruze, Ford Focus and Hyundai Elantra are a better choice in the long run due to lower price and respectable fuel economy, asserts Wiesenfelder (para. 6). Non-HEVs may not be as efficient as a gas/electric hybrid, but the extra expenses associated with HEVs are enough to say that Non-HEVs are the most economically reasonable choice when purchasing a new car. Alternative energy is an other way America can eliminate its dependence on foreign oil.One of the most popular developing fuels is enthalpy. Hydrogen is an extremely efficient fuel that emits only water, while regular 87 octane gas is tremendously inefficient and it emits poisonous gases. If the U.S. strongly invested in the development of hydrogen within the next century, the nation could be fully independent of foreign oil and fuel prices would be minimal. Today hydrogen vehicles are available for lease in some major cities. soon the technology is not quite ready for mass production as the system is not abiding enough for mass production and the technology is still too expensive to make any goliath leaps in progress. Politics are the major issue behind the slow progression of hydrogen fuel technologies.Jonathan Gal (2009) noted that the reason why alternative energies are not being pushed for with as often excitement is because the idea is worth billions of dollars and oil companies are taking advanta ge of the situation and jacking up prices on oil-based products. Big companies know that once alternative fuels become widely available to the public the profits will immediately disintegrate (para.3). Oil barons have been fighting against the move for alternative fuels, which is understandable however, they do see the profitability in accommodating alternative fuels and are quickly scooping up companies that want to produce the new energies.Hydrogen is a great fuel for America to renew itself. In opposition to the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel, one might argue that it is far too explosive to use in a passenger car and is simply not safe the Hindenburg is a prime example of its dangerousness. The Hindenburg was a German airship that was filled with hydrogen and coated with a powdered aluminum and iron oxide paint. The figment is that hydrogen was the main cause of the Hindenburg catastrophe. Although hydrogen was a call player, it was the highly reactive coating that ig nite the flame to start the hydrogen on fire. Of course there is more to that story, but it proves that hydrogen is only as dangerous as the machines it is engineered into.HEVs Do Not Pay to OwnOver the uttermost(a) decade it has been speculated that owning an HEV will never pay to own within the lifetime of possession. The average non-HEV will typically take five years to pay for itself. Americans want a car that will be useful, reliable, and will pay to own. Typical American families will run their cars for ten to fifteen years before getting a new vehicle because with all other expenses taken into account a new car is the last expense a growing family needs to worry about. HEVs are packed with relatively new technologies that are not easily and economically replaced. Replacement HEV parts are difficult to find and are never brasslike. A typical battery for a HEV can run up a bill of more than $2,000. Fleming, Privott, Taylor, and McDuffie (n.d.) have done research regarding the lifetime of a typical HEV battery. Granted many HEVs have not been around long enough to need replacement, the team used a figure of ten years to estimate the annual cost of battery maintenance and replacement.After meeting with automotive dealers to gather prices of replacement HEV batteries, the team produced the price of an HEV battery to be about $2600, there would be an additional cost of slightly $3400 for installation. Compare this information with the cost of a Non-HEV battery price of about $30-$40 and the price derivative becomes extremely apparent (p.6). Expensive repairs make a vehicle incredibly difficult to pay off within the lifetime of the ownership.Non-HEVs have been around long enough to the point where paying for repairs is relatively cheap and parts are easy to find many components are interchangeable and can be installed by anybody. The internal combustion engine, according to Virginia Techs Consortium on Energy Restructuring (2007), has been the most best-l oved method of supplying energy to major companies globally because the machines are easy to maintain, familiar to all ages, and high dependability (para.4). Although HEVs are advertised to be the new family vehicle, it is obvious there are many issues that need to be taken into account before the HEV will truly be a family and economically friendly vehicle. HEVs and the PopulationThere are billions of people on this planet, but only a few submit groups of the populace really need or want HEVs. Many of the people who live in heavily urbanized areas, such as Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles are the only populations who could benefit from using an HEV. A convenience offered by an HEV is that it can shut off the gas motor when stopped and run solely on the electric motor to reduce the harmful emissions that all major cities are prone to. The use of the electric motor also eliminates gas consumption during stop-and-go traffic, which is when most pollution from exhaust accumulate s. Cities are victim to a large number of accidents every year.From fender benders to pile-ups, all types of accidents are highly likely in a city setting. HEVs are equipped with all of the latest safety technologies, but what is most dangerous is the leaking and spreadhead of battery acid during an accident and afterword, not to mention hybrids are also quieter than gas vehicles making the sense of hearing impaired pedestrian more likely to end up on the hood of an oncoming HEV. Joanne Silburner of NPRs Health Blog, suggests that without the engine noise, blind people and people listening to music are the most likely to walk in front of an HEV without knowing any better. Silburner also points out that the uneducated driver of an HEV might be a possible risk to pedestrians as HEV engines shut off when the car is not go leading to what could be a panic reaction from the driver (para.6-7).In small towns and rural areas crosswise the U.S. many families need fuel efficient, people-mo ving, and reliable vehicles that are easy to maintain. HEVs do not make the cut when it comes to meeting the needs of a rural-dwelling family. In rural areas, places and locations are commonly spaced widely away and highways or two lane roads connect them. HEVs are known to get worse gas mileage on the highway than in the city, which is incredibly unappealing to the long distance commuters. Automotive companies have tried to address these problems with hybrid trucks and sport utility vehicles however, the performance of the vehicles was too poor to achieve a tremendous upgrade in gas mileage.The failure to produce an efficient hybrid truck brought the automotive companies back to the drawing board. Today there are large diesel trucks that can achieve an thundering twenty-two miles per gallon while hauling heavy loads. According to U.S. Department of Energy (2011), diesel vehicles meet the same emissions standards and regular gas vehicles and the diesels are more powerful and fuel efficient than similar size gas engines (about 30-35% more efficient), (para.1). With the technologies available today humans can fine-tune machines, like car engines, to run at top efficiency and still produce vast amounts of power to add both pulse and utility to the drive.ConclusionHEVs are popular it is unlikely that the major automakers of the world will even delve pulling HEVs from their lineup of vehicles. The consequences in the marketplace would be too large. Being eco-friendly is a major get wind to most people companies need to accommodate their respective customer base. This accommodation restricts the companies from taking back their promises and providing a true eco-friendly product. Overlooked environmental pollution, non-HEV improvements, HEV cost of ownership and population demands are all reminders of how the eco-friendly revolution has blind the general public from what happens behind the green screen. It is up to the people to understand that HEVs are not the key to a bright future, but are another obstruction to achieving the real eco-vehicle.ReferencesAerodynamic add-ons reduce fuel consumption of semi trucks by 7-12%. (2011, February 16). Retrieved expose 16, 2011, from http//missionzero.org/categories/12-Transportation/saved_entries/8007-Aerodynamic-add-ons-reduce-fuel-consumption-of-semi-trucks-by-7-12- Consortium on Energy Restructuring, Virginia Tech. (2007). Internal Combustion Engines. Retrieved parade 23, 2010 from http//www.dg.history.vt.edu/ch5/ices.html Fleming, D., Privott, T., Taylor, J.R., & McDuffie, T. (n.d.). Hybrid electric vehicles vs. internal combustion engine vehicles Which gives you more bang for your buck?. Retrieved March 22, 2011 fromhttp//education.uncc.edu/cmste/summertime%20ventures/2010%20World%20View%20of%20Math%20and%20Data%20Analysis/THomas%20Privott-%20Davis%20Fleming.pdf Fuel economy today Alt fuels tomorrow. (2010) Fleet Equipment 36(3), 14. General Reference Center Gold. Web. Retrieved March 16, 2 011Gal, J. (2009, July 06). The politics of alternative energy. Retrieved March 24, 2011 from http//www.prlog.org/10275672-the-politics-of-alternative-energy.htmlGasoline Panic 2011 Hybrid/Electric Vehicles Not the Answer. (2011, March 4). PR Newswire. General Reference Center Gold. Web. Retrieved March 16, 2011 Niderst, R. (Ed.). (2010, August 27). The eco-balance of Li-ion rechargeable batteries for electric cars greener than expected. Retrieved from EMPA Materials Science and Technology, Switzerland. Retrieved February 24, 2011, from http//www.empa.ch/plugin/template/empa/*/99149//l=1Silberner, J. (2010, April 19). Hybrid cars silence just one factor in high pedestrian demolition rate.Retrieved on March 24, 2010 fromhttp//www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/04/hybrid_cars_silence_just_one_f.html United States Department of Energy. (2011, March 24). Diesel Vehicles. Retrieved on March 24, 2011 from http//www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/di_diesels.shtmlUnited States Environmental Protection Age ncy. (2011, February 18). Environmental impacts from automobiles. Retrieved February 22, 2011, from http//yosemite.epa.gov/R10/OWCM.NSF/product+stewardship/autos-impactsbatteries